A recent study published in Frontiers in Psychology this August delves into the alarming presence of right-wing extremism on Steam, a major distribution platform operated by Valve. Researchers Alex Bradley-Newhouse from the University of Colorado Boulder and Rachel Kowert from the University of Cambridge have shed light on how neo-fascist groups are using the platform to further their agendas.
Neo-fascism and Community Manipulation
The research suggests that these groups have weaponized Steam’s community features to launch what they describe as 'wars'—campaigns aimed at recruiting new members and coordinating harassment against opposing entities. These campaigns are not only aimed at rival user communities but also target major organizations like the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), labeling them as 'enemies.' Through a strategic use of alliances and coded language, these groups manage to evade moderation efforts.
The researchers highlight the challenges faced by Valve's moderation system. Despite frequent bans, extremist groups often reemerge with new accounts. Describing their evasion of bans as battles won, these groups seem to have turned the avoidance of moderation into a symbol of success among their followers. Such dynamics contribute to an ongoing difficulty in curbing the influence of these hostile organizations.
Valve's Moderation Challenges
Among the games most associated with these extremist groups are popular titles like Counter-Strike 2, Dota 2, and Wallpaper Engine. The study particularly notes Hearts of Iron 4 for its historical setting, which is often modified to support alternative historical scenarios favored by right-wing extremists. The report implies that Valve's inconsistent content moderation practices enable such activities to proliferate. Although many right-wing groups have faced bans, they often find their way back onto the platform, exploiting Steam’s social networking features to grow their influence.
The study coincides with a 2024 report by the ADL that led to a spike in bans, yet extremist content remains prevalent and discoverable. The persistent challenge of identifying and managing such content raises questions about the effectiveness of current moderation policies. Despite Steam's 2018 statement allowing a wide range of content, exceptions for illegal activities or overt trolling were made, though how these policies have evolved since remains unclear.
Valve and other gaming companies such as Paradox Interactive have been approached for comment, but a response is yet to be received. This issue highlights the broader risks businesses and users face, as the unchecked spread of neo-fascism could potentially impact the entire gaming ecosystem.
